But an sdram is really a singleport memory, so our controller has to play a trick. The project also contains a simple push button interface for testing on the dev board. Ddr ram is a widely used memory standard designed to provide. This paper describes double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory controller. The lovehate relationship with ddr sdram controllers love the cheap memory, hate the complex controller by graham allan, mosaid almost everyone knows that the bulk of drams produced end up in desktop and laptop computers just like the one used to write this article. The fpgas csg324 package is important here because xilinx spartan 6 lx9 is available in some other packages that dont have a builtin memory controller. A dedicated memory controller is of prime importance in applications that do not contain microprocessors highend applications. Ddr controller provides a synchronous command interface to the ddr sdram.
Fpga implementation of a time predictable memory controller. The ddr sdram controller handles the complex aspects of using ddr sdraminitializing the memory devices, managing sdram banks, and keeping the devices refreshed at appropriate intervals. On the right, the controller drives the sdram signals. Ddr sdram description the ddr sdram specification details are available from jedec organization, part of the. Asic implementation of ddr sdram memory controller amit bakshi school of electronics engineering. The delay of this capture clock is calibrated during a power on the initialization sequence in concert with a ddr memory in a system environment, thereby minimizing the effects of system delays and increasing both device and system yield. Implementation of fpga based memory controller for ddr2 sdram sonali r majukar 1, arun s tigadi 2, hansraj guhilot 3 1 pg student, electronics and communication, k. Design and fpga implementation of ddr sdram controller.
Implementation of physical design in ddr sdram memory. Command signals for memory refresh, read and write operation and sdram initialisation has been provided by memory controller. The double data rate ddr synchronous dynamic random access memory sdram controller is a generalpurpose memory controller that interfaces with industry standard ddr sdram. The main function of ddr3 memory controller sdram is used to program and to store a data. Ddr sdram transfers data on both the rising and falling edge of the clock. Hardware and layout design considerations for ddr2 sdram memory interfaces, rev. This ddr controller is typically implemented in a system between the ddr and the bus master. The predictability of the system is reached with an interleaved access pattern and a predictable scheduler. In this project, we propose the design and implementation of a setup box for the ddr sdram memory controller. The controller simplifies the sdram command interface to standard system readwrite interface and also optimizes the access time of readwrite cycle. Implementation of ddr sdram memory controller for embedded soc b naresh, s rambabu, g lakshmi narayana.
This interface reduces the effort to integrate the module with the remainder of the application and minimizes the need to deal. It takes care of row refreshes and gives an easy to use interface for the host logic to access the sdram. Design and simulation of ddr3 sdram controller for high. Hardware and layout design considerations for ddr3 sdram. Host side interface of the controller is availiable in. Since that time the denali ddr controller ip has been used in countless diverse applications delivering superior data throughput and continuing to incorporate new innovative capabilities that provide. This is a very a simple sdram controller which works on the de0 nano. A verilog implementation of a ddr2 memory controller. In particular, sdrams are very popular memories due to their high speed and low cost. The lovehate relationship with ddr sdram controllers. The development of integrated systemsonachip soc is based on the reuse of modules, or intellectual property ip cores. For example if you have a heronfpga5 or heronfpga7 it has single data rate sdram, and you need to refer to the first half of this document sdram memory.
Pdf design and fpga implementation of ddr3 sdram controller. This paper analyzes the current international technology trends and storage controller ddr2 sdram controller detailed technical specifications. The phy layer consists of me mory initialization logic, and addresscommanddata io. The ddr sdram referred to as ddr doubles the bandwidth of the memory by. Xilinx, xapp709 ddr sdram controller using virtex4 fpga. Hardware and layout design considerations for ddr3 sdram memory interfaces, rev. Introduction to ddr sdram memory controller the ddr sdram uses double data rate architecture to achieve highspeed data transfers. The ddr sdram controller translates read and write requests from the local interface into all the necessary sdram command signals. The ddr3 sdram transmitted the read data and data strobes are edge aligned. Coreddr ddr sdram controller product summary intended use ddr sdram controller for standard sdram chips and dimms key features interfaces to external ram supports up to 1024 mb of memory synchronous interface highperformance access logic allows cascading of read and write requests enabling up to 100% throughput.
This interface reduces the effort to integrate the module with the remainder of the. Asic implementation of ddr sdram memory controller ieee. In this paper, the double data rate sdram controller is implemented using asic methodology. There is also a timing analysis about data communication between fpga and sdram before postsimulation. Ddr sdram referred to as ddr transfers data on both the rising and falling edge of the clock. Asic implementation of ddr sdram memory controller using vhdl is advanced version of regular sdram which is developed with advanced features like effective bandwidth of memory and able to transfer data on both edges of clock cycle. Shift power reduction methods and effectiveness for testability in asic. Pdf rm9222 rm9000x2gl rm9222 rm9000x2gl rm9000 pmc2021862 ddr phy asic mips64 rm9000x2. Ddr phy asic lsi rapidchip cw000722 cw761041 g12 ddr lsi cw761030 text. It describes the architecture of controller and takes explain for each module. Unfortunately, they are not as easy to control as static memories, so an sdram controller is often used. Double data rate ddr sdram controller is based on asic design methodology.
May 30, 2007 whether you use ip toolbench in sopc builder or the quartusa. Rapidchip platform asic market applications for the phy core. Memory interfaces and controllers ddr and ddr2 sdram controller intel fpga ip overview the ddr and ddr2 sdram controllers handle the complex aspects of using ddr and ddr2 sdraminitializing the memory devices, managing sdram banks, and keeping the devices refreshed at appropriate intervals. The pub also includes an embedded calibration processor to execute hardwareassisted, firmwarebased training algorithms.
The ddr synchronous dynamic ram is an enhancement to the conventional. For read operations from the ddr sdram, the memory controller must shift the data strobe into the middle of the data eye to properly capture the data. The ddr sdram memory controller is a configurable high performance memory controller for systems requiring access to external ddr sdram memory devices or ddr dimm modules with lowest latency and highest throughput. This paper deals with reusability issues in the development of a double data rate ddr sdram controller module for fpgabased systems. The memory controller provides a generic command interface to the users application.
Fpga implementation of a time predictable memory controller for a chipmultiprocessor system edgar lakis kongens lyngby 20 immm. Double data rate synchronous dynamic randomaccess memory ddr sdram is a class of memory integrated circuits used in computers. A ddr memory controller is described wherein a core domain capture clock is created by programmably delaying the core clock of the memory controller. Ddr sdram is mostly used in computer applications like laptops, networking, dsp processing systems.
Through board verification, a burst mode with auto precharge and fullpage mode without auto precharge are achieved and the highest bandwidth in each. For the currently the most widely used data storage memory is ddrii sdram which is used in the highspeed, highprecision, and highmemory depth of the data storage and communication system, using ise software and calling the ip core of xilinx to create mcb, adopting the verilog hdl to achieve a common ddrii sdram controller interface for universal design and application based on. The designed ddr controller generates the control signals as synchronous command interface between the dram memory and other modules. Table shows typical performance results for the ddr sdram controller using the quartus ii software version 9. Double data rate synchronous dram ddr sdram has become a mainstream memory of choice in design due to its speed, burst access and pipeline features. This allows a grosstonet bandwidth translation of the memory. Micron technology, inc, reserves the right to change products or specifications without notice. From this research, various considerations for the implementation of a ddr ram controller were observed. The memory controller is codesigned for the use with ethereal, but can be used with in any system. Mimas v2 has a xilinx spartan 6 lx9 fpga in csg324 package has two builtin memory controllers and a 512mbit lpddr sdram lp stands for low power and ddr stands for double data rate. Table 14 shows typical sizes in logic elements les or adaptive lookup tables aluts for the ddr sdram controller.
Figure 1 is the block diagram of the ddr sdram memory controller that is. Asic implementation of ddr sdram memory controller ijedr. The ddr memory controller design for the ddr sdram and the connection between the fpga provides a solution 3. For the rest of the paper memory should interpreted as the external ddr memory that the asic is interfacing to and design or cluster should be interpreted as the logic on the asic that interfaces the ddr memory. If ondie termination is used at both the memories and the controller. Asic implementation of high speed pipelined ddr sdram controller. The ddr sdram is an enhancement to the conventional sdram running at bus speed over 75mhz. With the rapid development of electronic science and computer science, the large scale integrated circuit applied in the military, economic and social life is more and more widely.
We aim to achieve a performance, in terms of bandwidth, comparable to asic implementations. This article introduces a sdram controller based on fpga. So it is not surprising that many fpga designers attach some type of memory to their fpga. Implementation of physical design in ddr sdram memory controller. A pcb board was also designed and fabricated to provide an interface between the fpga and the memory chip. In this case, the design references 3rd party memory controller ip intellectual property from denali software. The ddr 4 controller is typically implemented in a system between the ddr and the bus master. The controller hardware was implemented using verilog and the. Asic implementation of ddr sdram memory controller amit bakshi. Us10269408b2 double data rate ddr memory controller. Ddr memory controller design based on fpga scientific. To put things in perspective, heres a view of a typical fpga system using our sdram controller.
This paper deals with the fpga implementation of a highspeed interface for ddr sdrams. The msc711x memory controller supports double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory ddr sdram devices, which are designed to be a high data rate migration path from the standard single data rate sdr memory devices. Now our controller makes the sdram appear as a dualport memory. Implementation of fpga based memory controller for ddr2 sdram sonali r majukar1, arun s tigadi2. Design and implementation of ddr sdram controller using. The memory controller provides command signals for memory refresh, read and write operation and initialization of sdram. Hardware and layout design considerations for ddr2 sdram. Nowadays, memory devices are almost found in all systems, high speed and high performance memories are in great demand. Xilinx xapp851 ddr sdram controller using virtex5 fpga. Sdram or ddr sdram before being able to use this document correctly, you need to understand which type of sdram you have on your module.
The study comprises area, power and timing analysis of the both. Rtl design of ddr sdram controller using verilog ijert. The memory controller provides command signals for memory refresh, read and write. This project implements a ddr ram controller at the rtl level for the. This reference design has been developed using both sdram components and dimms. Ddr sdram controller pipelined lattice semiconductor. Because the ddr sdram has twice the sdram memory data rate, now has been widely used. Double data rate ddr sdram controller is implemented using cadence rtl compiler. The ddr is a complete synchronous implementation of controller. This project implements a ddr ram controller at the rtl level for the altera cyclone ii fpga on a de2 development board. This application note examines the basics of ddr, provides general boardlevel design guidelines for using the msc711x. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda.
If our controller gets two requests simultaneously, either it has to stall one agent, or record their requests and execute them later. The work concentrates on the relative study of two memory controllers viz. In accordance with one embodiment, an apparatus is provided, comprising. Li wang, qian zhang, design and implementation of ddr sdram controller based on fpga in satellite navigation system, signal processing icsp, vol. The ddr and ddr2 sdram controllers handle the complex aspects of using ddr or ddr2 sdraminitializing the memory devices, managing sdram banks, and. Ddr sdram memory controller is divided in an arbiter module, a data. Implementation of fpga based memory controller for ddr2 sdram.
This reference design provides an implementation of the ddr memory controller implemented in lattice orca series 4 fpga device. Ddr sdram devices are lowcost, highdensity storage resources that are widely available from many memory vendors. Simulation result of the read cycle of ddr sdram controller. For better throughput and speed, the controllers are to be designed with clock. The ddr and ddr2 sdram controllers handle the complex aspects of using ddr and ddr2 sdraminitializing the memory devices, managing sdram banks, and keeping the devices refreshed at appropriate intervals. Design and implementation of high speed ddr sdram controller. Our work will focus on asic design methodology of double data rate ddr sdram controller that is located between the ddr sdram and bus master. This paper deals with the fpgaimplementation of a highspeed interface for ddr sdrams. Summary this application note describes a ddr sdram controller implemented in a virtex4. The controller consists of a high performance timing and control state machine. Design and realization of sdram controller based on fpga. Introduction memory devices are almost found in all systems and nowadays high speed and high performance. The novelty of this paper is to present the design techniques that lead to high performance memory controllers. Ddr sdram memory controller reference design xapp851 v1.
Design and fpga implementation of ddr3 sdram controller for high performance. Apr 29, 2016 mimas v2 has a xilinx spartan 6 lx9 fpga in csg324 package has two builtin memory controllers and a 512mbit lpddr sdram lp stands for low power and ddr stands for double data rate. The host logic can use the sdram more likely an sram because of the controller. The synopsys designware ddr43 phy is a complete physical layer ip interface phy solution for enterpriseclass asic, assp, and systemonchip soc applications requiring highperformance ddr4ddr3ddr3l sdram interfaces operating at up to 3200 mbps. In highend applications, like microprocessors there will be specific built in peripherals to provide the interface to the sdram.
Synchronous dram sdram is preferred in embedded system memory design because of its speed and pipelining capability. The controllers translate readandwrite requests from the local interface into all the necessary sdram command signals. Rapidchip platform asic ddri sdram ddr 1 phycore ddr 1 controller cw761030 addresscmd, the ddr 1 phy core with the ddr 1. Pdf asic implementation of ddr sdram memory controller. In the second place, we depict a memory interface data path architecture adapted for implementation on xilinx and altera fpgas. Implementation of fpga based memory controller for ddr2. Design and implementation of memory controller for real time video acquisition using ddr3 sdram. Simulation result of the initialization sequence of ddr sdram controller fig.
Implementation of ddr sdram memory controller for embedded soc. For address and command signals, the micron compensation cap scheme is another optional. In highend applications, like microprocessors there will be specific built in peripherals to. Ddrii sdram memory controller interface design and. This process allo ws the datapath module to select the right. Synopsys design compiler tool is used to obtain the necessary results.
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